Daim ntawv thov ntawm Polyacrylamide hauv Oilfield Kev Lag Luam

Polyacrylamide (PAM), ntau yam polymer, tau ruaj khov nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam oilfield. Nws qhov hnyav molecular, ua ke nrog lub peev xwm los ua kom haum rau hauv anionic, cationic, thiab non - ionic variants, endows nws nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau PAM qhov tsis tseem ceeb nyob thoob plaws ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj av, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov roj rov qab zoo, ua kom zoo dua qhov dej drilling, thiab kev kho dej zoo.

1. Txhim Kho Roj Rov Qab (EOR).

1.1 Mechanism hauv Polymer Flooding

Nyob rau hauv kev nrhiav kev ua kom cov roj rho tawm ntau tshaj plaws, dej nyab polymer nrog polyacrylamide tau tshwm sim raws li cov txheej txheem siv dav dav. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm PAM hauv cov txheej txheem no yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov viscosity ntawm cov dej txhaj. Nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej reservoir, thaum dej tsis muaj PAM raug txhaj tshuaj, nws cov viscosity tsawg ua rau nws ntws mus rau qhov chaw siab permeability. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias txog li 70% ntawm cov dej txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem hla qhov qis-permeability thaj chaw uas muaj cov roj ntau tseem nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum PAM tau qhia, nws tsim cov kua nplaum. Qhov ntev-chaw polymer molecules entangle, ua rau cov tsis kam mus ntws. Qhov no yuam cov dej txhaj mus rau hauv qhov chaw qis-permeability. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj pom tau hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov roj rov qab mus txog 15 - 20% piv rau dej - dej nyab tsis muaj PAM.

[Ntxig Daim duab 1 ntawm no: Daim duab schematic uas qhia txog cov dej ntws nrog thiab tsis muaj PAM hauv lub reservoir. Qhov sab laug qhia tau hais tias cov dej ntws los ntawm qhov siab - permeability raws yam tsis muaj PAM, thiab sab xis qhia tau hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dej ntau dua nrog PAM hauv ob qhov siab - thiab qis - permeability zones.]

1.2 Mobility Control

PAM ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj kev txav mus los, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv roj kom zoo. Qhov sib piv ntawm kev txav mus los (M), txhais tau tias yog qhov sib piv ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm cov kua dej txav mus (kwv dej) rau kev txav mus los ntawm cov dej txav chaw (roj), yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas. Qhov sib piv ntawm kev txav siab feem ntau ua rau ntiv tes, qhov twg cov dej txhaj ua rau ntiv tes - zoo li cov channel los ntawm cov roj, ua rau tsis zoo rau kev txav chaw. Los ntawm kev ua kom cov viscosity ntawm cov dej txhaj, PAM zoo txo ​​qhov kev txav mus los. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov kev txav ntawm cov roj yog μo / ko (qhov twg μo yog cov viscosity ntawm cov roj thiab ko yog cov permeability rau cov roj) thiab kev txav ntawm cov dej txhaj yog μw / kw (qhov twg μw yog cov viscosity ntawm dej thiab kw yog permeability rau dej), ntxiv PAM tuaj yeem nce μw los ntawm ob peb-fold. Cov ntawv thov teb tau pom tias txo qis kev txav mus los tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm cheb los ntawm 25 - 30%, ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov roj.

1.1 Polymer Flooding

Polymer dej nyab yog cov txheej txheem EOR dav siv, thiab acrylamide polymers yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Nyob rau hauv dej nyab polymer, dej-soluble acrylamide polymers yog txhaj rau hauv cov roj reservoir nrog rau dej. Cov polymers no ua rau kom cov viscosity ntawm cov dej txhaj, yog li kev txhim kho cheb efficiency. Raws li cov dej khov ntau dua dej nyab lub reservoir, nws tuaj yeem hloov cov roj uas nyob hauv cov pob zeb ntxeem tau zoo dua. Cov saw ntev ntev ntawm acrylamide polymers tso cai rau lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov dej molecules, ua kom cov dej muaj peev xwm thawb cov roj mus rau qhov dej ntau lawm. Qhov no ua rau cov roj rov qab nce ntxiv, ua rau acrylamide polymers yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis hauv EOR cov haujlwm.

1.2Mobility Control

Acrylamide-based polymers kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj kev txav mus los thaum lub sijhawm EOR. Nyob rau hauv heterogeneous reservoirs, muaj ib tug nyiam rau cov tshuaj txhaj rau channel los ntawm high-permeability zones, tawm hauv qab ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm cov roj nyob rau hauv lub low-permeability cheeb tsam. Los ntawm kev kho cov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj siv acrylamide polymers, qhov sib piv ntawm cov dej txhaj thiab cov roj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev sib faib ntau dua ntawm cov dej txhaj tshuaj thoob plaws hauv lub reservoir, txhim kho tag nrho cov roj xa mus efficiency. Piv txwv li, crosslinked acrylamide polymers tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj tus cwj pwm rheological tshwj xeeb, uas pab cuam tshuam qhov ntws ntawm cov kua dej mus rau qhov chaw nkag tau tsawg dua ntawm lub pas dej.

2.Drilling Fluid Additive

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2.1 Viscosity thiab Rheology Control

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm drilling, tswj qhov tsim nyog viscosity thiab rheology ntawm cov kua dej drilling yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Polyacrylamide ua haujlwm zoo viscosifier. Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab drilling kua, PAM molecules cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom, xws li av nplaum. Cov saw ntev ntev ntawm PAM adsorbs mus rau saum npoo ntawm av nplaum, hla ntawm lawv. Qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom no los ntawm PAM chains ua rau kom cov viscosity ntawm cov dej drilling. Qhov kom zoo viscosity, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 30 - 60 centipoise rau feem ntau cov haujlwm drilling, yuav tsum tau nqa cov txiav mus rau qhov chaw zoo. Nws kuj tseem pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj lub cev qhuav dej los ntawm kev muab lub zog hydrostatic txaus thiab tswj cov dej tsis zoo

[Ntxig Daim duab 2 ntawm no: Kev pom kev pom ntawm PAM cuam tshuam nrog cov av nplaum hauv cov kua dej drilling. Lub PAM chains tau pom txuas ntau cov av nplaum, ua kom tag nrho cov viscosity ntawm cov kua.]

2.2 Fluid Poob Control

Thaum drilling los ntawm permeable formations, cov dej drilling tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov tsim, ua rau txo qis hauv hydrostatic siab hauv qhov dej thiab muaj peev xwm tsim kev puas tsuaj. PAM tsim lub ncuav mog qab zib lim rau ntawm phab ntsa zoo. Anionic PAM, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom zoo hauv qhov tsim. Lub ncuav mog qab zib lim no ua raws li kev thaiv, txo cov kua dej. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev siv PAM tuaj yeem txo cov kua dej los ntawm 50 - 60%, tiv thaiv kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub qhov dej thiab qhov tsim.

3. Kev kho dej hauv Oilfields

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3.1 Flocculation ntawm Suspended Solids

Oilfield tsim cov dej feem ntau muaj cov khib nyiab tshem tawm, nrog rau cov xuab zeb, silt, thiab cov roj tee. Polyacrylamide ua haujlwm ua flocculant. Cov pab pawg them nyiaj ntawm PAM molecules cuam tshuam nrog cov nqi ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm. Cationic PAM, piv txwv li, nyiam cov khoom tsis zoo uas raug tshem tawm. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 3, lub polymer chains txuas ntawm ntau yam hais, ua rau lawv aggregate mus rau hauv loj flocs. Cov flocs no tuaj yeem sib cais yooj yim dua los ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov txheej txheem sedimentation lossis pom cov txheej txheem. Kev siv PAM hauv flocculation tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov khib nyiab tshem tawm los ntawm 70 - 80%.

[Ntxig daim duab 3 ntawm no: Daim duab qhia txog cov txheej txheem flocculation ntawm cov khib nyiab tshem tawm hauv cov roj av ua dej los ntawm PAM. Cov me me raug tshem tawm tau pom tias sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov flocs loj dua nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm PAM.]

3.2 Dewatering ntawm Roj - Dej Emulsions

Roj-dej emulsions yog dav siv hauv kev ua haujlwm oilfield. PAM tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov emulsions thiab pab kom dewatering. Cov polymer adsorbs ntawm cov roj - dej interface, cuam tshuam cov emulsion stability. Los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tee dej, PAM pab cais cov dej theem ntawm cov roj theem. Qhov kev sib cais no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho kom raug thiab pov tseg cov dej tsim tawm thiab rov qab los ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb.

Xaus

Polyacrylamide cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam oilfield muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab nyob deb. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov roj rov qab kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev drilling thiab kev kho dej zoo, nws tau dhau los ua cov tshuaj tseem ceeb. Raws li kev lag luam roj txuas ntxiv mus tshawb nrhiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, kev txhim kho thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov ntawv thov polyacrylamide yuav tsis ntseeg nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab.